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📡 Be seen: distress signal comparison

From the voice to the satellite, the real range of every signal method — helping you pick the right signal based on what's in your pack and what time it is.

★ A signal mirror weighing 25 g and costing 10 € can potentially reach farther (up to 160 km in ideal conditions) than a parachute flare (45-65 km) — and it never runs out.
★ Calling 112 requires a cellular network, any network: in an area with zero towers within range, your call won't go through, unlike with a satellite beacon.
★ A PLB beacon transmits continuously for at least 24 hours, an EPIRB for 48 hours: twice as long, because it's designed for shipwrecks where rescue takes longer.
★ Three fires, three smoke plumes, or three whistle blasts: the number 3 is the universal language of distress, both on land and at sea.
16 rows

Daytime range : 99999 = global satellite coverage — higher is better.

PLB beacon (406 MHz, Cospas-Sarsat satellite)
99 999 km
EPIRB beacon (maritime)
99 999 km
Two-way satellite messenger (e.g. Garmin inReach)
99 999 km
Signal mirror (heliograph) ≈
32 km
Parachute rocket flare (aerial) ≈
20 km
Daytime white smoke (green vegetation on fire) ≈
8 km
Daytime black smoke (rubber, oil on fire) ≈
8 km
Red hand flare (SOLAS)
8 km
Orange smoke signal (daylight signal) ≈
5 km
SOS ground sign (ICAO standard)
5 km
Night signal fire (tripod pyre) ≈
3 km
Sea dye marker (fluorescein) ≈
3 km
Y-arm signal (distress) ≈
2 km
Safety whistle ≈
1,6 km
Headlamp in SOS flash mode ≈
0,5 km
Mobile phone, 112 emergency call ≈
0 km
Sources (4)

Other numbers